A literature review is part of a
research project where the researcher researches on similar work to his or
hers. This very important part of the research helps the researcher to find out
how other researchers have tackled the problem he or she is attempting to
solve. It gives insight on how to go about solving the problem at hand and
provides information on available technologies and tools for solving the
problem. Therefore, this chapter provides the sufficient information regarding
previous projects or model on material separator machine.
Manoj Kumar
Sain, Mahendra Singh Rajpoot (2013) has been investigated on “Experimental
Study of Inverted Absorber Type Solar Still with Water Depth and Total
Dissolved Solid”.
The research
work carried out so far in the field of solar desalination is related to the
single basin type solar still only. The increase in productivity by connecting
a flat plate collector which is called as active solar desalination have also
been studied but limited to the single basin type solar still. In this work, we
have selected a stepped type solar still to improve the performance of single
basin type solar still by increasing the production rate of distilled water.
The modifications in the design of single basin type solar still are introduced
by replacing the flat basin by a stepwise structure.[1]
M. Habib and A. El-Hanafy (2013) are studied on
a “Single Slope Solar Still with External Flat Bottom Reflector”.
In an attempt to increase distillation
yield per unit area by decreasing the thermal inertia of the water mass, a new
type of micro-stepped solar still was designed, fabricated and tested. The
energy balance equations for various parts of the still are solved by
Gauss-Seidel iteration method. Computer model was made and experimentally
validated. The validated computer model was used to estimate the annual
distillation yield and performance ratio of the still for Ludhiana.
The
Theoretical and experimental distillation yield were 2642.82 ml and 2380 ml
respectively for the typical day. The predicted distillation yield was 11%
higher than the experimental yield. The annual distillation yield per square
meter aperture area and annual performance ratio for micro-stepped solar still
is 1788 liters and 0.58 respectively. The payback period for micro-stepped
solar still is 1.25 years.[2]
Hitesh
Panchal (2012) is
worked on “Performance Analysis of Solar Still Having Different
Plates”.
In this work, three number of
reflector type solar stills with varying
depth of water and other design parameters like thickness of glass cover,
insulation thickness, condensing cover material, shape of the absorber surface,
absorbing material provided over the basin surface, angle of inclination of the
still etc. being fixed have been selected for experimentation.
The depth of water provided in solar stills A,
B and C was 5 mm, 7.5 mm and 10 mm respectively. After conducting experiments
for the varying depths of water, it has been observed that the distillate yield
of solar still. A is greater than solar still B and C by 14.15% and 22.64%
respectively.
Thus, as depth of water goes on
increasing, the distillate yield produced per unit area of absorber surface
goes on decreasing. Also, an economic analysis was made. The payback period of
solar still A, B and C is 823 days, 958 days and 1064 days respectively. Thus,
the solar still A with 5 mm depth of water gives the returns within the least
possible time as compared to other two types of stepped solar stills.[3]
Madhlopa (2012) was worked to “Improved Solar Still for Water
Purification”.
According to
the 2010 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS), about 65% of households
in Malawi do not have access to treated water. Distillation is one technique
used for treating water. Many distillation methods are available but they are
either energy intensive or contribute to environmental degradation due to their
nature. However, solar energy can be used as an alternative source of energy
for water distillation. There are many designs of solar distillation systems
but the most-widely used one is the conventional still.
Internal surfaces of the walls of the
conventional solar still (CSS) are commonly painted black to avert condensation
of water vapor on the walls. However, the CSS suffers from low production of
distilled water and there is, therefore, a need to improve its performance. In
this study, two conventional stills were designed with an identical geometry
but the internal surfaces of their walls were painted white. These solar stills
were tested outdoors under the same meteorological conditions at the Malawi
Polytechnic (15° 42' S, 35°02' E). Distillate output was measured during
experimentation.
It was found
that the average daily distillate outputs were 2.55 kgm-2 and 2.38 kgm-2 for
the experimental still and CSS respectively. In addition, the efficiency of the
experimental solar still was 6.8% more than that of the CSS. It can therefore
be concluded that painting the internal surfaces of the walls of the still
white improves the distillate output of the still. [4]
Mohammad Dashtban (2010) had
investigated “Effect of water flow rate on internal heat and mass
transfer and daily productivity of a weir- type cascade solar still”.
Various aspects
of single basin solar still with evacuated tubes solar collector have been
discussed in this paper with a focus on the use of evacuated tube to increase
the daily productivity of solar still with less heat losses.The pure water can
be obtained by distillation in the simplest solar still.Various active methods
have been adopted to increase the temperature of the basin so as to improve the
productivity of solar still.[5]
Hiroshi
Tanaka (2006)
is studied about “Effect of flat plate external bottom
reflector on performance of single basin solar still”.
In this work,
we have selected three number of stepped type solar stills of the same overall
dimensions 620 mm (W) × 808 mm (L) but with different absorber surface areas
due to the variation in the shape of the basin surface. The other design
parameters like depth of water, thickness of glass cover, insulation thickness,
type of condensing cover, absorbing material provided over the basin, and angle
of inclination of the still were kept constant to study the effect of shape of
the absorber surface over the distillate yield obtained. [6]
Mousa S.
Mohsen, Waleed Nayfeh (2000) are
investigated “Experimental study of the basin type solar still
under local climate conditions”.
A single slope
single basin solar still is experimented by adding a heat reservoir under the
liner of the basin using Lauric acid as a Phase Change Material by which it
changes its phase during addition or removal of heat. Numerical and analytical
calculations are performed and it is observed that an increment of 36% is
observed in the collection of distillate when the still is used with PCM as
Lauric acid and also 13% increment when the still is used with sand as heat
reservoir. [7]
